Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Varieties in Yunnan Province Revealed by SSR Markers

Genetic diversity of 131 Yunnan upland rice varieties was analyzed by using 24 SSR markers.The average number of alleles per locus was 8.125 with a range from 5(RM55) to 13(RM218,RM241).Mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity were 0.0014 and 0.6545,respectively.Average Shannon-Weaver index(I) was 1.381.The Nei′s genetic diversity index(H) ranged from 0.2073(RM235) to 0.8689(RM218) with an average value of 0.6543.The southwest,south of Yunnan were the distribution center of genetic diversity of upland rice varieties in Yunnan,because the highest genetic variation was found in these areas.The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 82% of the variation was from differences among varieties within regions,and only 3% was due to differences among regions and 15% within varieties.The upland rice varieties planted by Tibeto-Burman and the Mon-Khmer family had the most abundant genetic diversity.Cluster analysis showed those varieties could be divided into indica and japonica at the Nei′s genetic similarity of 0.22,but not by geographical distribution.The results of principal coordinates analysis were basically consistent with the UPGMA cluster,four partial indica varieties from group Ⅳ were re-classified into japonica group,the error of the UPGMA cluster was corrected.