Challenge of Surgical Treatment of Inferior Vena Cava in Minimally Invasive Era

Specific methods should be applied in treatment of lesions located in the inferior vena cava due to its characteristics in anatomy and histology.This article is focused on the historical and current surgical treatments for the inferior vena cava diseases such as inferior vena cava syndrome,leiomyosarcoma and Budd-Chiari syndrome.Inferior vena cava syndrome is a result of obstruction in inferior vena cava due to a variety of causes.Among them,primary leiomyosarcoma of occupying lesion occurs rarely and the only efficient therapy is radical surgical en bloc resection,and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava and involved renal veins remains controversial and challengeable.Budd-Chiari syndrome is caused by the obstruction of retrohepatic inferior vena cava and/or hepatic vein.Surgical treatments include open surgery and interventional therapy.