Prediction of ground settlement induced by shield excavation based on improved GAP method

To predict the ground settlement caused by shield tunneling,based on the GAP principle and improved model,this study investigates the characteristics of the ground settlement induced by shield excavation using FLAC2D numerical analysis method.The study results show that with the same shield diameter,when the tunnel depth increases,the maximum surface settlement gradually decreases and the settlement tank gradually widens.There is a linear relationship between tunnel depth and maximum surface settlement.This study results have some reference value and significance on the ground settlement analysis caused by shield tunneling.