The Current of Treatment for Cartilage Defects in the Knee with Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

The cartilage defects in the knee has substantial morbidity and a limited capacity for self-repair.The traditional treatment for cartilage defects in the knee include:drilling,microfracture,mosaicplasty.After the drilling and microfracture,defect area generated is fibrocartilage,rather than the normal hyaline cartilage,mechanical strength,hardness,wear resistance between the two type there is a big gap in many aspects.The clinical application of mosaicplasty restricted by donor limited,not suitable for large cartilage defect treatment,although it can generate normal hyaline cartilage.In recent years,autologous chondrocyte implantation has developed rapidly,a growing number of patients receiving this treatment method and obtain good or excellent effect,caused widespread concern.This review summarized recent studies,introduce various treatment strategy especially for autologous chondrocyte implantation.The third generation of ACT generated cartilage is hyaline cartilage that conform to the requirements of the joint biomechanics,and avoid the postoperative complications created by first generation and second generation of ACT.ACT was a safe and effective treatment for large cartilage defect in knee joint.In addition,our review assumed new directions for further reaserch about cartilage scaffold materials and graft transformation postoperative.