ADVANCES AND PROSPECTS IN RESEARCH ON QUANTUM COMPUTATION

This article reviews the development of studies on quantum computers.It emphasizes that realizing large-scale quantum computing and quantum simulation for strongly correlated many body systems is the main trend of development of quantum computation.In the main part of this article,we introduce the development of hardware of quantum computers.We focus on some qubit systems with scalability:quantum dots,superconducting Josephson junction,ion trap,and cavity QED,generally, which are considered as main candidates of physical realizations for quantum computers.Studies on those systems are attracting primary experimental groups in the field of quantum computation.We review the main advances in characterizing and manipulating qubits in those systems.We also highlight some difficulties for realizing large-scale quantum computing and some potential solving methods.