Renaissance of Textual Research in the Ming Dynasty and Conversion of Learning Style in the late Ming Dynasty

In the opinion of Chinese academic history, renaissance of textual research in the middle and late Ming dynasty is an indispensable unity with that in the Qing dynasty in the aspects of time, academic thoughts, styles of study, inheritance and development of academic results. Some scholars criticized abuses and free explanation of Confucian school of idealist philosophy in the Song and Ming dynasties. The spirits of doubts, seeking facts and demonstration of textual research were advocated, which had important impact on the conversion of styles of study.