Two Issues about the Studies of ci of the Tang and Song Dynasties

That evolves from poetrymakes it hard for the ci to enjoy a relatively independentstatus. From late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, ci and poetry had been mixed up, which was explicitly shown in Ou Yangjiong's Flower Collections and Zhang Yan's The Origin of Ci. However, since the publication of The Origin of Ci, the study of ci had won independence. In the North Song Period, there were two schools of ci, and poetic idea and ontological notion went side by side. But there were still mixed connections in detailed parts. Theoretical analyses suggest that being bold and unconstrainedand being graceful and restrainedare the two classic artistic styles of ci formed in thelong course of development.