On Yan Yuan's Criticizes to Zhu Xi's Theory on Human Nature

Yan Yuan criticized Zhu Xi's theory of human nature by focusing on the actual evens and practice.This can be discussed in three parts: Firstly,the beginning of Yan's criticize to Zhu's viewpoint that human nature originated from the principle rules(Li) was to let the matter(Qi) be the origin and that principle rules and matter combined as one(Li Qi Rong Cheng Yi Pian).Secondly,the core of Yan's criticize proposed that human desire is reasonable to opposed Zhu's demand which was to cherish heaven laws and deny human desire(Cun Tian Li Mie Ren Yu) and to change human's temperament(Bian Hua Qi Zhi).Furthermore,Yan presented a thinking that temperament(Qi Zhi) is the only nature of human to rebuke Zhu's idea which devided human nature into born nature(Tian Di Zhi Xing) and temperament(Qi Zhi Zhi Xing),and expressed that the evil in human nature is caused by habitual acts(Xi Ran Yin Bi) to refute Zhu's opinion that the evil is caused by temperament.All of these clarified that matter(Qi) is the origin of human nature and supplied a theoretical ground for the moral cultivation centred actual practice.Thirdly,the destination of Yan's pursued to be motive and active in daily life(Xi Dong) and criticize to Zhu's seek to practice stillness(Zhu Jing) and studying mechanically is to encourage the people cultivating advantageous for both their own and the society.Yan Yuan's criticize to Zhu Xi in this field turned the focus of the theory of human nature from metaphysical to physical phenomena,which gave a significance that people should improve theirselves by their own practice in the actual events and performance.