Research for Rural Settlement Distribution Based on Niche Fitness Model——A Case Study of Xinzhou District in Wuhan City

Rural settlement is regarded as the production and living for peasants.It plays an important role in improving the rural production and living standards,protecting the cultivated land,releasing the pressure on construction land and driving the construction of new socialistic counties to study its internal structure and spatial distribution.First,the distribution pattern and problems of rural settlements in Xinzhou District was analyzed with the methods of mathematical statistical analysis through MapGIS.Secondly,the indictors of niche fitness evaluation system was built for distribution for rural settlements based on niche theory.The study area was divided into four different areas: highly suitable area,medium suitable area,low levels of appropriate area and inappropriate area for rural settlement.Finally,based on the results above,we optimized the layout of the rural residential areas and formed the general pattern of rural settlement distribution that there are 2 core towns,11 central towns and 7 general towns to be established in the process of layout optimization of rural residential areas.It is concluded that the optimal distribution of rural residential areas should persevere in partition layout and classification regulation in Xinzhou district;niche fitness model can very well realize the rural residential areas division,which can be used as a good way to achieve rural residential area planning layout with the help of the planning ideas and tools.