Research Progresses in Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands

Domestic wastewater contains a large amount of nutrients(particularly nitrogen and phosphorus), total suspended solids(TSS)and organic matter, and often causes eutrophification of its receiving water bodies. Treating domestic wastewater has drawn increasing attentions. Constructed wetland systems have showed to be a cost-effective technique for domestic wastewater treatment. This paper summarized commonly used macrophyte species, substrate, hydraulic loading rates(HLR)and removal efficiencies for free surface flow constructed wetlands, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Further research on constructed wetlands was also proposed.