Streamflow Variations of Four Source Rivers and Mainstream of Tarim River,Xinjiang and Transfer Water Course in 2003

The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid inland basin in China.It is located in Asia European Continent and far away from the sea.The Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers are four source rivers of Tarim River drainage.The three tributary river systems(Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant) that contribute flows to the Tarim River join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins.From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries,the Tarim River mainstream extends 1321 km to Taitema Lake.In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin,which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River,contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made transfer channel.In 2003,annual virgin flow of 258.21×10~(8) m~(3) from four mountains basins of Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim Basin,more 20.7% than average annual streamflow,is an abundant hydrological year.The annual total virgin flow of Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant above the Aler gauging station are 221.19×10~(8) m~(3) from the mountains basins,and of the Kaidu-Konque River from Tianshan Mountains 37.02 10~(8) m~(3).The total discharge of the four source rivers into Tarim River is 47.66×10~(8) m~(3)in 2003,which three tributary river systems(Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant) contributes 44.08×10~(8) m~(3)flows to the Tarim River.Most of this water is consumptively used before reaching the confluence,total consumptive water of four source streams sum up 210.55×10~(8) m~(3),occupy up 81.5 %of annual virgin flow from mountains basin.Yarkant is only river no water drain into the mainstream of Tarim Rive.The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimated to be 20.51×10~(8) m~(3)for the upper course,the largest consumed section of the Tarim River mainstream;16.89×10~(8) m~(3)for the middle course,and 11.16×10~(8) m~(3) for the downstream course.Comparing with 2002,Consumed water has a decreasing trend in upper and middle streams course,and increasing in the lower course.The fifth ecological emergency water diversion project was carried out in the lower reaches of Tarim River,transfer water from Bosten Lake to the Taitema Lake during March 3~(rd) to July 11~(th),2003,total 132 days.The project transfers 3.58×10~(8) m~(3) flows into the mainstream of the Trim River from the Bosten Lake.Outflow 3.455×10~(8) m~(3) drains into 300 km upstream of Taitema Lake,from Daxihaizi Reservoir,and join streamflow of Churchen River from Kunlun Mountains,final a 200 km~(2)water area appeared in Taitema Lake in 2003.