Multiple Piezoelectric Effect of Piezoelectric Crystal Under Applied Electric Field

Based on the theory of classical piezoelectricity,the relationship between the generations of multiple piezoelectric effect under applied electric field and boundary conditions was analyzed.The generating process of multiple piezoelectric effect was elaborated and the formulas of secondary direct and tertiary converse piezoelectric effect were deduced.The displacement or voltage generated by primary converse,secondary direct and tertiary converse piezoelectric effect were calculated using coupled-field analysis function in the finite element analysis software ANSYS.Experiments of multiple piezoelectric effect under applied electric field were performed through PZT-5 stack.The experimental result verifies the existence of multiple piezoelectric effect.Experimental data show that voltage and displacement generated by secondary direct and tertiary converse piezoelectric effects respectively have linear relationship with the applied voltage.The simulation and experimental results both prove the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.