Analysis on the Contradiction between Supply and Demand of Water Resources in China Owing to Uneven Regional Distribution

Per capita volume of available water resources in China, ranking 121st in the world, is very low although the total volume of water resources in China is as high as 2.812 4×10 12 m 3, ranking 6th in the world. Water resources in China are characterized by uneven regional and seasonal distribution. Regional distribution of water resources does not match that of cultivated land resources, population and GDP. There are more population, land resources and GDP but less water resources in north China. However, there are more population, water resources and GDP but less land resources in south China. The imbalance between water demand and supply has become more serious. Moreover, owing to continuous deterioration of aqueous environment, the problems of water resources have become more important and restrained the social and economic development in China. Based on the analysis of the ill-matched regional distribution of water and land resources, population and GDP, this paper discusses the uneven regional distribution of water resources in China, and some measures for sustainable utilization of water resources are put forward, they are to develop the water-saving social and economic systems based on the precedence of water-saving principle, implement the projects of multi-watershed water diversion so as to achieve the rational redistribution of water resources in China, enhance the unified planning and management of water resources, develop the circulated economy, implement the cleanly production, strengthen the conservation of water resources, etc.