Management of thyroid nodules in children

Thyroid nodules in childhood are less prevalent but more often to be malignant than those in adulthood. The evaluation of thyroid nodules includes history collection,physical examination,laboratory examination,imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB). A history of neck irradiation,previous thyroid diseases and thyroid neoplasms in the family are high risk factors of malignant nodules. Thyroid ultrasonography is the first choice of thyroid nodules assessment. FNAB is the best way to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Treatment option for benign thyroid nodules is follow-up. Surgery is the most effective treatment option for malignant or suspicious thyroid nodules.