About the Forming of Early States by Shang People between Shangjia Period and the Collapse of Xia Dynasty

Scholars' opinions differ greatly as to which civilization stage the Shang tribes were in between Shangjia Period and the Collapse of Xia Dynasty. Profound social changes happened to Xiangongxianwang since Shangjia period . Before Shangtang overthrew Xia Dynasty, preliminary slave city-states had come into being with state apparatus established.