Effects of electrolyte's concentration at micro-arc oxide treatment on the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain

Objective: To evaluate the influence of electrolyte`s concentration at micro-arc oxide treatment on the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain.Methods: CP titanium specimens with size of 25 mm×3 mm×0.5 mm were treated with micro-arc oxidation(MAO) in Na2SiO3 solution of three different concentrations.After ultra-low-fusing porcelain was applied,a three-point-flexure-test was used to evaluate the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain.The surface of the specimens was observed by SEM and EDS,as well as the interface between titanium and porcelain.Results: The bonding strength values between titanium treated with MAO and porcelain was significantly higher then the control group's,Group 20 g/L has the highest bonding strength values.SEM/EDS suggested that a porous thin layer of oxide which contains Si element is created by MAO,and higher concentration of Na2SiO3 leads to more Si element in oxide.Conclusion: MAO treating can improve the bonding strength between titanium and ceramic.Electrolyte's concentration has an effect on the bond strength between titanium and porcelain.