Multiple-level structure of forest management system.

Forest management should be based on hierarchy and scale theories of ecology, in order to conduct multi-level management. The analysis of a normal forest, the control method and ecosystem management shows that they all represent some idea of multi-level management. For a normal forest, the focal level is the working group; its upper and lower levels are the forest farm and the forest stand.However, the forest stand is the focal level of the control method, of which the upper and lower levels are the working section and individual trees respectively. In forest ecosystem management, the trend of multi-leveled management is embodied and the landscape level is emphasized. Multi-level forest management can reflect dominant function goals differently and can guide forest management to benefit the forest.