Research progress on biotypes and genetic diversity of grape phylloxera

Grape phylloxera(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.) feeding only on Vitis is one of the quarantine pests in the word,it devasted viticulture throughout the word during the latter half of the 19th century.Resistant grape rootstocks are the only effective control tool,however,because of the coevolution of phylloxera and grape,the intrinsic virulence of grape phylloxera strains has been observed on roots of some rootstocks,of which a typical example was that rootstock AxR#1 was overcomed by phylloxera biotype B identified in California.These findings stimulated molecular studies to analyze genetic diversity of grape phylloxera.In this review,the studies about biotype and genetic diversity of grape phylloxera were briefly summarized,meanwhile,the significance of those studies on grape phylloxera biotypes was also discussed.