Observation on Huang Tifang’s Social Intercourse

As a well-known scholar-bureaucrat from Rui’an,which lies in the south of Zhejiang,of late Qing Dynasty,Huang Tifang’s social intercourse was very wide.And he had great influence on regional and national politics.The interpersonal network had been established between Huang Tifang and other scholar-officials such as Zhang Zhidong,Zhang Peilun and He Jinshou before the scholars of high standing rose as a political party during the reign of Emperor Tongzhi and Daoguang of Qing Dynasty.This network,which was featured with its criticism on current policies,was based upon the winners at the same imperial examination,colleagues,friends,and affinity relationship.On the contrary,Huang Tifang’s relationships with some scholars in the south of Yangzi river,including Sun Yiyan,Yuan Chang,Zhang Jian and Wang Renkan,were completely different with that with Zhang Zhidong.Both their aims of making friends by their writing or making more allies and their intercourse forms of sipping wine and writing poems are all distinguished by traditional characters of human contact among the literati.