A Study of the "Knowing" Word Cluster in Zhu Zi Yu Lei

XU Shiyi(Classical Documents Institute,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234,China)Abstract: The word system is composed of clusters of conceptual words.The cluster of the same conceptual words forms a lexical field of their own.The process of knowing means people try to understand the unknown based on the knowledge and experiences that they already own,which involves human cognition and thinking and plays an important role in the semantic system.In Zhu Zi Yu Lei,the knowing word cluster includes 晓(xiao),解(jie),悟(wu),省(xing),领(ling),识(shi),知(zhi),会(hui),通(tong),达(da),悉(xi),谙(an),见(jian),瞭(liao),了(liao),党(dang),晓(xiao),委(wei),and 转(zhuan).Each conceptual word in the cluster has its special emphasis,and is semantically complementary to the other.晓 lays emphasis on explanation and complete understanding.解 stresses understanding with analysis.悟 focuses on one's own thorough comprehension.省 underlines observation and introspection.领 emphasizes mastery of the main points.识 lays emphasis on memorization.知 focuses on perception.会 stresses the dynamic comprehension.通 lays emphasis on unobstructed.达 focuses on smoothness.悉 stresses explicitness.谙 lays emphasis on familiarity.见 focuses on witness.瞭 lays emphasis on clear view.了 lays emphasis on understanding and comprehension.党 lays emphasis on the degree of understanding which has the similar semantic function of 晓.委 lays emphasis on the explicitness of understanding.转 refers to the integration of the two mental powers of dynamics and flexibility,meaning to understand thoroughly.