Gains from the Failure of the Russian Democratic Revolution Led Distinctively by a Socialist Party for the First Time

Russia's defeat in Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905) triggered the first democratic revolution in Russia in 1905.Starting from the bloody massacre on January 9,the revolution stormed across the nation in February and March.In April,the Social Democratic Party held its third Congress in London,putting forth the strategy that the Party should lead the democratic revolution.After the meeting,Lenin wrote the book,Two Tactics of the Social Democratic Party in the Democratic Revolution,in which he criticized thoroughly Menshevik's tactics of following the bourgeoisie readily,and elucidated systematically his thinking that the leadership should be held by the proletariat,which laid the strategic and tactical basis for the Bolshevik Party.The Bolsheviks,under the special context,stood out distinctively and led this revolution,and won its first victory in the general political strike in October.The revolution reached its height in December with the uprising in Moscow,which lasted 9 days before it was put down.Then the revolution turned into depression.On June 3 of 1907,the Czar staged a coup detat,dissolved the First Duma and strengthened his absolute power,signifying the failure of the First Democratic Revolution,whichwas attributable to various subjective or objective reasons.There are 10 points of gains in spite of its defeat.Without the failure of the Revolution of 1905,thevictory of the October Revolution of 1917 would have been impossible.In the period of depression and retreat,the Bolsheviks still fought painstakingly,opposing both the Leftist thinking of Otsovism and the Rightist thinking of liquidationism,coordinating illegal forms of work with legal possibilities.In his book,Materialism and Empirio- criticism(1908),Lenin upheld and developed the theory of Marxist philosophy,and laid philosophical basis for the Bolsheviks.The revolutionary movement upsurged since the Lena Massacre in 1912,and at the beginning of July 1917 new flash points for the revolution arose.At the end of the month,Russia plunged into the WWI,which delayed the toppling of the Czarism.