Brief discussion on Huang Zongxi's democratic thoughts

Huang Zongxi put forward political principle thatpeople are the first and the emperor is the secondin his Mingyi Daifang Lu:A Ming Barbarian Waiting for a Visitor,which is basically dif- ferent from the Confucius idea thatemperor is the first and the people are the second.Huang Zongxi clearly pointed out thatA cadre is another part of the emperor,which basically denied the traditional idea of the relationship between an emperor and a cadre.He pointed out that the laws made by one party are not really laws,however,real laws should be the laws of a whole country and have the character of a country's constitution.He also pointed out thatthe right and wrong should be judged by schoolsand that schools have some functions of a modern parliament.These indicate that Huang Zongxi social and political thoughts really had democratic character and he is a pioneer of China modern democratic thoughts.