The effect of balanced fertilization on yield,benefit of corn and nutrient balance

In this paper,corn yield and the nutrient absorption characteristic at different growing stages as well as the three elements of N,P and K input-output balance in soil-crop system were studied under the condition of balanced fertilization by the method of trial in the main corn producing areas of Heilongjiang province.The results showed that balanced fertilization had a significant positive effect on corn yield and benefit of Binxian and Zhaodong.Compared to optimal treatment(OPT),corn yield of farm usual practice(FP) was average decreased by 9.0%,profit decreased by 914 yuan/hm2.Balanced fertilization was conducive to corn plants on the nutrient balanced absorption and utilization.Compared to farm usual practice(FP),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium' absorbing amount of corn in optimal treatment(OPT) was average increased by 16.5,3.5 and 59 kg/hm2.Seedling-big bell period,jointing stage,filling stage-mature were the critical periods of corn nutrient absorption.Nitrogen and phosphorus balance coefficient was greater than 1,that means nitrogen and phosphate fertilization could satisfy the demand of high-yielding corn;potassium fertilization could not meet the demand of corn high yield.Nitrogen,phosphate and potassium use efficiency of Binxian was 33.3%,19.0% and 46.7%;nitrogen,phosphate and potassium use efficiency of Zhaodong was 36.0%,22.9% and 48.0%,respectively.Considering nutrient balance and fertilizer utilization,the amount of potash should be increased on the basis of the amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer,which would make the best treatment more reasonable to reach corn high-yield,high-quality and efficiency.