New Coinage of Legal Vocabulary in Late Qing Dynasty and Impact on Relation with Japan

At least as early as 1860's,by making use of certain Chinese characters(or character-combination),transliteration,modification and suffix notation,China,being quite independent of Japan,experienced a period of new coinage of political and legal vocabulary.And,this achievement provides an important foundation for Japan to absorb European and American political and legal thoughts in the early Meiji reform.With the reversed cultural transmission from Japan to China,however,the Western political and legal vocabulary with Japanese character poured into China through the descriptions of envoys or traveling officials,especially through the publications and teaching stuff by Chinese overseas students in Japan,and through new law writing and systematical teaching by some visiting Japanese consultants and teachers,which stimulated the birth of Chinese modern legal study.