Analysis on the Problems of Fangzhi Village Statistics in Zhili in Early Qing Dynasty and Basic Management of Villages

Problems of village statistics of the early Qing Dynasty in Zhili Local Records mainly represents in the following three aspects.First,the village qualities in different local records vary from each other,some of which refer to natural villages,some of which are equivalent to Bao of Baojia.Second,in the places where people of Manchu and Han nationality live together,villages in which Han people live are included,while villages of Manchu people are not.Third,statistics of some local records directly copy those of the middle Ming Dynasty instead of being the real reflection of the village development of the early Qing Dynasty.The author believes that these village statistics not only reveal the practice of Baojia-system in the early Qing Dynasty,but the historical changes of the status of village as the basic management unit in Ming and Qing Dynasties as well.