Probe into the Buddhist Philosophy of Lay Buddhist in Mid and Late Ming Dynasty

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty,Buddhist philosophy of Lay Buddhist was very prosperous in Mid and late Ming Dynasty,it had twokinds of manifestations:one was Buddhists of upper levels and the officials who belived in Buddhism combined in the city;the other was some well-educated men who were world-weary and the common people and Buddhists at lower levels combined in the mountain and forest region.It was obvious that the former played a leading role.Because of the combination of the former,they propeled the Buddhism forward in late Ming Dynasty.The very common way for them was the Buddhism united to the research.Most of the lay Buddhists received good Confucianism education.First they believed in Confucianism and then believed in Wang shi Xinxue(心学).At last they transfered to Buddhism.Therefore,in philosophy thought,it reflected on the complication of Buddhism and Xinxue(心学) and proposed the character of circulating the confucianism.