The Mechanism of Subcellular Localization in Plant Cell and its Application in Recombinant Protein Production

Plants have developed differentiated subcellular organelles with very specific structural characteristics. The differentiation of endomembrane system and molecular machinery of protein transport pathway provide an obvious advantage of recombinant protein production in the organelles. The sorting pathway of protein is determined when proper signal and/or promoter were used, and the destination confirmed at the same time. In this review, the mechanism of subcellular localization was organized over the investigation with correlated theme. We will focus on some aspects of cellular organelle and membrane dynamics that involve ER lumen, apoplast, vacuolar and any other determinant in protein localization. The objective of this review is to confirm the ideas that the mechanism of localization ought to be used as an important strategy in the field of gene engineering at the subcellular level.