On the Transformation from Ancient to the Modern and the Initiation of the Concise and Hard Style of Zhang Xian Ci

Liu Xizai advanced that Song Zijin's ci belonged to the style of the early Song Dynasty. It was Zhang Ziye who initiated the style of the concise and hard. Chen Tingzhuo also pointed out that Zhang Ziye's ci indicated a great transformation of ci style from the ancient to the modern.The nature of social style that was Zhang Xian marked the shift of ci style from describing the beautiful and soft virtues to writing the tough and hard qualities of literati and officialdom. As far as the writing technique is concerned, Zhang Xian's style is the earliest one that shows the poetic nature of ci style. It not only fulfils the transition from the imaginary writing of women to the realistic writing of literati and officialdom ,but also realizes the transformation from the descriptive pattern to the narrative pattern. It is obvious that the concision and hardness of Zhang Xian's style is relatively concise and hard under the circumstance that we comply with the internal law of ci being a distinctive style.