Errors of Japanese learners in writing Chinese characters and sources

The author identifies three types of errors committed by Japanese Chinese learners in writing Chinese characters: 1. Substituting Japanese characters for Chinese characters, 2. Misused characters, and 3. Incorrectly written characters. She explains that the main source of the character errors is none other than the lack of knowledge about Chinese characters while negative transfer constitutes only a secondary source. Finally the author points out that by improving the teaching of Chinese characters to Japanese learners, the errors in writing characters can be avoided.