On Historical Research of the States Directly Controlled under the Central Government in Mid & Later Tang Dynasty

With the generalization of setting up Fanzhen after the Mid-Tang,the Three-tier System of Local Administration gradually replaced the Two-tier System of Local Administration while the Three-tier System of Local Administration became administrative subject in the Tang Dynasty.As the remaining manifestations,the Two-tier System of Local Administration of the dynasty,which was the States directly under the Central Government became the solitary island of district administration.I found the original intention that the central government ensured to more effectively control some strategic areas for the Tang Dynasty through research the evolution of system of local administration,the generation,connotation,origin of chief magistrate their experience,setting objective,and some relevant issues the States directly under the Central Government of the Tang Dynasty.Because the central government wasn't aware of the value,ineffective measures and disadvantageously objective factor by the central government in the Tang Dynasty that the states directly under the central government in the Mid Later Tang Dynasty could turn an important means to contain the expanse of the power of Fanzhen.However,it provided a direct idea striping away the mischief of independent regime for Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty.