A conceptual framework and the ecological basis for ecosystem management

In this paper,the background of origin and developmental process of ecosystem ma nagement was generalized.Some basic concepts,ecological basis,management goals,a nd management system and implementation methods for the ecosystem management wer e discussed.Furthermore,the fundamental ecological problems such as ecological i ntegrity and boundaries as well as spatial temporal scales,structure and funct io n of ecosystem and ecological entirety,ecosystem succession and characteristics of system dynamics,disturbance and ecosystem stability,ecosystem complexity and indeterminacy,ecosystem diversity and sustainable ecosystem,ecological model and data collection as well as monitoring,and dual effects of human activities on e nvironment were discussed in detail.In addition,some specific goals of ecosystem management for different ecosystem were presented to attain an overall goal to maintain sustainability of ecosystem products and services.