The optimization of excitation parameters in the high-resolution seismic exploration on a complex near surface area

With the fast development of oil resources,the goal of seismic exploration which was structural reservoirs is turning into lithologic reservoirs.As a result,the requirement of seismic data quality is getting higher.It is the high-resolution seismic exploration technology that has played a key role in improving the quality of the seismic data.The high-resolution seismic exploration technology is the basis of searching for subtle structures,subtle reservoir and special lithologic reservoir.Using the high-resolution seismic exploration technology,fine structural interpretation,sequence stratigraphy and lithology prediction can work better to guide the direction of oil and gas exploration and development.With the purpose of acquiring higher resolution seismic data,this paper focuses on the field acquisition of seismic exploration in the high resolution seismic exploration technology.In this paper,the impacts of complex near surface structures on seismic data are analyzed with the method of wave equation forward modeling.The excitation parameters of explosive source are discussed,such as explosive properties,excitation lithology and excitation depth.Besides,on the basis of many complex near surface areas,two kinds of geophysical models have been set up.Through the analysis on the results of the forward seismic modeling,the bad effects on the seismic data quality caused by the complex near surface structures have been reflected.With the help of comprehensive analysis of the simulated data and the real data,we have come to a conclusion that comprehensive near-surface survey test is particularly important in the complex surface area.Only based on having a strong understanding of the changes of surface lithology,the shot depth can be determined effectively.In the practical field seismic acquisition,good results have been obtained based on the application of this conclusion.Consequently,the seismic wave main frequency is improved and the effective frequency band is extended with the optimization of excitation parameters.Then the quality of the seismic data acquired in the field will be improved sufficiently so that it can be able to meet the needs of the high-resolution seismic exploration.