A review of Scots pine and Norway spruce seed orchards in Finland

The first seed orchards were established in Finland in the early 1950’s. However, the largescale establishment of seed orchards started in the late 1960’s, and was completed by the mid 1970’s (Fig. 1). The goal was to produce in seed orchards all the seed needed in nurseries and for direct seeding. In all about 3000 ha of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and 300 ha of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards were established.