Combined pneumatic and ultrasound lithotripsy in percutaneous nephrolithomy for upper urinary tract calculi

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of combined pneumatic and ultrasound lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi by B-type ultrasound guidance in percutaneous nephrolithomy.Methods Three hundred and eighty-five cases(401 sides),who were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy of using pneumatic and ultrasonic system(EMS Ⅳ) were reviewed retrospectively.Results Three hundred and sixty-four sides were performed on stage Ⅰ.The mean time of the operation was 51 minutes.The average blood loss was 110 ml.With the treatment of ESWL,the first calculi clearance leaded 84.8%.37 sides were performed on stage Ⅱ.One cases with colon injure was performed colostomy.3 cases with delayed hemorrhage were cured by selectivity thrombosis of renal artery,3 cases with severe sepsis.No nephrectomy,transferring to open operation and renal dysfunction were found.The mean time of indwelling pelvis fistula was 5 days,and the average lengths of stay after operation were 7 days.Conclusion The combined pneumatic and ultrasound lithotripsy in percutaneous nephrolithomy by B-type ultrasound guidance for upper urinary tract calculi have the advantage of small wound,rapid recovery,hospital time shorter and higher calculi clearance.It is a better choice for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi.