Research Advance on Osmoregulation in Teleost Fish

Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors for the growth and development of fish.Alterations in environmental salinity can result in fish becoming osmotically stressed.Through effective but complex mechanisms of osmoregulation,teleosts are able to maintain the osmotic constancy of internal milieu and survive in hypertonic seawater or hypotonic freshwater.They overcome osmotic stresses by osmoregulatory acclimation involving morphological and biochemical changes.The biochemical mechanisms responsible for osmoregulation in fish in terms of cell,enzyme,gene and hormone were discussed.