On Relations Between Bakuhan System and Commodity Economy in the Later Edo-Japan

Japan changed greatly both in economy system and political system in the mid-later Edo Period.Bakufu and Hans encountered the crisis of finance and politics,concomitantly commodity economy made much progress in countryside and Hans,which impacted severely the commodity circulation organizations of Bakuhan system that began to lose superiority gradually in the whole country.For the sake of crisis,Bakufu took some measures that firstly strengthened the control over of commodity markets,inhibiting economy in countryside and Hans,on the other hand,it started to transform the traditional policy which attached excessively importance to the agriculture all the while.In a word,Bakuhan System became the obstacle of commodity economy developing in Japan.