Effects of different fertilization and cultivation models on grain yield,soil water content and N utilization

The monoculture field experiments of winter wheat were conducted at Tangjiabao Experiment Station of Dingxi for two years,and effects of some techniqiues were studied on yield and water use efficiency.The results showed that the optimum fertilization model segmented fertilization of basal and top dressing fertilizer was superior to the no fertilization model and the farmer traditional fertilization model,which improved the yield-increasing effect by fertilizer(P0.05).The yield of no fertilization model reached 46%~92%levels of other models,and with the lowest harvest index.Compared with traditional fertilization model of farmers,the cultivation patterns of whole film with furrow and sandy field increased yield by 43.4%and 41.4%,respectively,and increased water use efficiency(WUE)by 56.9%and 46.1%,respectively,which also increased the soil moisture at the jointing stage of wheat,promoted N uptake,andincreased nitrate nitrogen of 0~100cm soil layer by 83.2and 86.2kg/hm2 in fallow period.The nitrate nitrogen could be used for next season of wheat preventing nitrate-N leaching to deep soil.It is suggested that the cultivation patterns of whole film with furrow and sandy field are high and stable yield.The whole film furrow planting pattern and sandy field model can significantly improve the wheat yield,water use efficiency,reduce the residual nitrogen in soil,and avoid the nitrate nitrogen in the soil to deep leaching.