Methods and Technology of Integrated Watershed Management

流域作为一个具有明确边界的地理单元,流域以水为纽带,将上、中、下游组成一个普遍具有因果联系的复合生态系统,是实现资源和环境管理的最佳单元.流域综合管理已经被认为是实现资源利用和环境保护相协调的最佳途径.然而,由于流域综合管理涉及多学科,多部门,内容非常广泛.近年的流域管理还主要停留在一个目标.本文在流域模拟管理研究及实践的相关经验基础上,系统地讨论了流域综合管理实施方法、关键技术以及主要技术问题.;Watershed, as geography unit with specific boundaries, is a compound ecosystem, within which aii components are inextricabiy iinked by water. These components interact with one eiement responding to the action or change of another. Nowadays, integrated watershed management has been regarded as an efficiency approach of soiving the confiicts between resources utiiization and environment protection. However, Integrated Watershed Management need deai with iots of muitidiscipiinary probiem, intergovernmentai harmony issues. There are no mature theory and actabie methods, so the integrated watershed management oniy iimited to a perfect goais. This paper, based on the research and experience review about watershed management, discusses the technoiogy integrated watershed management. The integrated watershed management can be performed by five steps, i.e. (1)To confirm the watershed probiem and coiiecting the information about it;(2)To anaiyze and assess the watershed process;(3)To make integrated anaiysis and assessment;(4)To make out the watershed pian;and (5)To actuaiize the watershed pian and make some adjustment according to the reaiity. In integrated watershed anaiysis and management, it is the key technoiogy to deveiop watershed information and integrated modei. Stiii, there are some important watershed eiements information can't be acguired efficientiy, inciuding runoff, water guaiity, soii water and so on. In China, Some watershed database in iarge scaie need be deveioped and effective share reguiations need be make out. In watershed simuiation technoiogy, the probiems about integration between GIS and watershed process modei, different discipiined modeis and professionai modei visuaiization need be soived.