Possibilities of laparoscopic technologies in diagnostics and treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis

The review presents the opportunities and experience of using laparoscopic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis. Primarily, laparoscopy was used only as a diagnostic method to visually assess the abdominal cavity state with minimum damage to tissues. The laparoscopy rapid development is associated with new videoendoscopy equipment emergence. Laparoscopy in abdominal cavity acute surgical diseases can reduce the unnecessary laparotomy number, which is very important for senile and elderly patients with severe comorbidities. Currently, many authors consider laparoscopic sanitation as an alternative method to abdominal cavity programmed revisions and sanitations. Gathered to date experience demonstrated a fairly broad possibilities of laparoscopy in the peritonitis treatment. Abdominal cavity videoendoscopy sanitation techniques development, combined with endoscopic elimination of the peritonitis causes and, thus, the ability to refuse the laparotomy, are relevant. The result of the operative laparoscopy use has been a significant reduction in the duration of patients stay in hospital. Different authors note wound complications reduction, patients’ rehabilitation period reduction, rapid pain relief and a good cosmetic effect, associating it with the minimally invasive nature of the surgery. It should be clearly understand that endovideosurgery possibilities are limited by several factors, which are difficult to predict in advance. In this regard, the most important issue is to determine a clear range of indications and contraindications for the method use in this complex area of surgery, as well as methodology improvement.