Communication through Photon UsingQuantum Cryptography: A Survey

Quantum cryptography is an approach toward secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. As compared to the classical cryptography, quantum cryptography provides more secure communication whose security depends only on the validity of quantum theory. It is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. Quantum cryptography is one of the few commercial applications of quantum physics at the quantum level. The quantum relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics- the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and principle of photon polarization. This paper focuses on the principle of quantum cryptography and how this technology contributes in security of network.