Complications of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)

Endoscopic resection, including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection, are accepted treatments for superficial gastrointestinal tumors having a negligible risk of lymph-node metastasis. The appropriate endoscopic resection technique should be safe, effective, and suitable to a variety of clinical situations. Endoscopic resection is associated with various complication risks. Endoscopists must be aware of not only the risk factors for and incidence of complications, but also how to effectively treat such complications.