Genetic analysis of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum on wheat in Iran

Fusarium graminearum as the main cause of Fusarium head blight of wheat not only decreases the yield, but also causes mycotoxicosis in human and livestock because of producing dioxynivalenol and nivalenol. Sixty isolates of F. graminearum obtained from infected wheat farms of Iran were tested for the ability of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and acetylen derivations production using specific primers of Tri13P1/Tri13P2 and Tri13F/Tri13DONR. A 583bp fragment responsible for the production of 15-Acetyl deoxynivalenol amplified in 36 isolates out of 60 tested ones, also in 24 isolates, an 859bp band responsible to product nivalenol were reproduced. None of the isolates produced 644bp fragment which is responsible for 3-Acetyl deoxynivalenol production. The data related to the distribution of Tri13 haplotypes by the PCR method showed that the majority of F. graminearum isolates were DON and 15-AcDON producer. Potential of trichothecenes B production of isolates possessing Trichothecenes-generating genes were evaluated using HPLC-SPE method. 77% of isolates produced 15-AcDON and 46% produced NIV. Also none of the DON-producing isolates was able to produce NIV, whereas the low levels of DON (10- 90 ppb) were evaluated in F. graminearum isolates producing high levels of NIV. Distribution of DON derivatives and NIV- producing F. graminarum isolates in different provinces showed that the most NIV- producing isolates were obtained from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces whereas DON chemotypes isolates were more than NIV-producing ones in Fars, Kerman, Hormozgan and Ardabil provinces.