924
Alexander Heine, Angela Harding
Abstract
Alexander Heine, Angela Harding
Abstract
Introduction: Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) is a combination of coagulation factors most commonly used for is reversal of anticoagulation in patients taking warfarin suffering from intracranial hemorrhage. The use of PCC for the management of bleeding for indications outside of intracranial hemorrhage is currently based on low levels of evidence. Currently, our health system prescribing guidelines suggest limiting its use to this indication, although this product is utilized for a variety of indications. Methods: All patients administered PCC from July 1, 2011 to July 1, 2013 at Riverside Methodist Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients administered PCC for Factor IX deficiency due to hemophilia B and reversal of traumatic or spontaneous head bleed in patients taking vitamin K antagonists were excluded. Results: Sixty-nine patients were administered PCC for indications other than reversal of traumatic or spontaneous head bleed. Fifty-one percent of patients were administered PCC for reversal of warfarin while forty-five percent were not on anticoagulant therapy. Seventy-five percent of patients were administered PCC for reversal of supratherapeutic INR prior to emergent surgery. Mean international normalized ratio (INR) was decreased by 3.1 (SD + 3.6) in patients on a vitamin K antagonist and 0.4 (SD + 0.8) in patients not taking a vitamin K antagonist. Mean post-PCC INR was significantly lower in patients in the warfarin group compared to the patients not on anticoagulation (1.5 + 0.3 vs 2.0 + 1.0; respectively; p < 0.01). Subsequent thromboembolic events were observed in 3 of the 69 patients (4.3%). Mortality was 30 in 69 patients (43%). Conclusions: PCC effectively reduced INR in patients on warfarin therapy but did not significantly reduce INR in patients not on anticoagulation. Other blood products, such as plasma, should be considered for treatment of coagulopathy in these patients. Further prospective studies examining the safety, efficacy, cost, and outcomes are needed before recommending PCC for non-drug induced coagulopathy.
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Introduction: Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) is a combination of coagulation factors most commonly used for is reversal of anticoagulation in patients taking warfarin suffering from intracranial hemorrhage. The use of PCC for the management of bleeding for indications outside of intracranial hemorrhage is currently based on low levels of evidence. Currently, our health system prescribing guidelines suggest limiting its use to this indication, although this product is utilized for a variety of indications. Methods: All patients administered PCC from July 1, 2011 to July 1, 2013 at Riverside Methodist Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients administered PCC for Factor IX deficiency due to hemophilia B and reversal of traumatic or spontaneous head bleed in patients taking vitamin K antagonists were excluded. Results: Sixty-nine patients were administered PCC for indications other than reversal of traumatic or spontaneous head bleed. Fifty-one percent of patients were administered PCC for reversal of warfarin while forty-five percent were not on anticoagulant therapy. Seventy-five percent of patients were administered PCC for reversal of supratherapeutic INR prior to emergent surgery. Mean international normalized ratio (INR) was decreased by 3.1 (SD + 3.6) in patients on a vitamin K antagonist and 0.4 (SD + 0.8) in patients not taking a vitamin K antagonist. Mean post-PCC INR was significantly lower in patients in the warfarin group compared to the patients not on anticoagulation (1.5 + 0.3 vs 2.0 + 1.0; respectively; p < 0.01). Subsequent thromboembolic events were observed in 3 of the 69 patients (4.3%). Mortality was 30 in 69 patients (43%). Conclusions: PCC effectively reduced INR in patients on warfarin therapy but did not significantly reduce INR in patients not on anticoagulation. Other blood products, such as plasma, should be considered for treatment of coagulopathy in these patients. Further prospective studies examining the safety, efficacy, cost, and outcomes are needed before recommending PCC for non-drug induced coagulopathy.
Key concepts: Medicine, Warfarin, Prothrombin complex concentrate, Bleed, Vitamin K antagonist, Vitamin k, Refractory (planetary science), Anticoagulant