Development of Running, Jumping and Throwing Motion in Elementary School Children

The purposes of this study were to make criteria for observational evaluation of running, jumping and throwing for elementary school boys and girls, to clarify developmental process of the motions, and to investigate relationships between development of motor abilities and developmental changes of motion patterns, with the results of physical fitness test. The subjects in this study were 230-children (131-boys and 99-girls), from first grade to sixth grade. The subjects performed 50m run, standing broad jump and ball throw. The subjects during the activities were videotaped from side view. The physical fitness test consisted of grip strength, sit-ups, sitting trnk flexion, side steps, and 20m shuttle run. By the Posterior observation of the videotape, motor pattern of rnning, jumping and throwing was evaluated individually.The results were summarized as follows;1) As a result of tests of validity, reliability and objectivity of the observational evaluation, the criteria in this study seemed suitable to be evaluation of motor patterns in elementary school.2) The development of motor patterns ascertained in this study tended to be delayed comparing with the evaluation criteria shown in former researchers.3) The development of running ability in boys was affocted by both Changing of motor pattern and physical fitness till fourth grade, then it was mainly affocted by physical fitness.4) The development of jumping ability depended on both developments of motor pattern of jumping and physical fitness till fifth grade, while that for girls depended on jumping motion throughout whole grades.5) Throwing ability was affocted by motor pattern of throwing till third grade in boys, then it was affected by physical fitness. On the other hand, girls' throwing ability has being affected by the motor pattern, not physical fitness throughout elementary school age. Therefore, it is suggested that throwing practices for acquirement of appropriate motor pattern is important for girl in whole grades of elementary school.