A Viscoelastic-Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Clay

In the present study, a cyclic viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model for clay based on thekinematic hardening rule was proposed, which in corporates three-element viscoelastic componentin the cyclic elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model. From cyclic undrained triaxialtest results and numerical simulations, it was found that viscoplastic approach is significantin the large strain level as approaching a failure state while viscoelastic approach is notablein the small strain level. Moreover, it can be seen that the proposed model can well describeboth viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviors of clay in the wide range of strain level and isapplicable for earthquake response analysis and/or liquefaction analysis.