Studies on physiology & biochemistry of female genital tract: response of uterus, cervix & vagina of albino rats to cis- & trans-clomiphene in the presence or absence of estrogen.

Ponderal, histological, and biochemical responses of the uterus, cervix, and vagina to the same dosage (1.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) of cis- and transclomiphene were studied in ovariectomized rats in the presence and absence of estradiol-dipropionate (EDP). The results indicated that both isomers were estrogenic-cum-antiestrogenic. However, the estrogenicity of the 2 compounds relative to each other and to EDP and their antiestrogenic potentials varied depending on the parameter and the nature of the target organ under consideration. Both isomers increased the weight of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. Histologically both stimulated the organs broadly but not in details like EDP. Biochemically, transclomiphene raised the 2 estrogen-dependent parameters (lactic acid and alkaline phosphatase) of the cervix more effeciently. Statistical analyses are presented. It is suggested that ehse anomalies might arise from the nugnces in the ponderal, histological, and biochemical behavior of the 3 target organs and the variation in the threshold doses of the compounds necessary to elicit a certain biochemical response from a particular organ. The inherent ability of a compound to evoke a change over and above that which could be imputed to its estrogenicity/antiestrogenicity might also complicate the issue.