Study the Effects of Biological and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield and Some Morphological Traits of two Spring Barley (Hodeum vulgare L.) Varieties Under Rainfed Conditions

In order to study the effects of biological and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and some morphological traits of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under dry land conditions, a field study was conducted during 2010 at Agricultural Research Station in University of Tabriz. The experiment was carried out as a factorial on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was comprised Alvar (native cultivar) and Sahand cultivars and the second factor was fertilizer levels containing control, Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer, Nitragin, 60 kg urea/ha (recommended total), Nitragin + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer, 30 kg urea/ha (recommended 1/2 of total) + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer and, Nitragin + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer + 20 kg urea/ha (recommended 1/3 of total). Sahand cultivar had more height than hat native cultivar (23 %). The highest plant height was observed in the Sahand cultivar with 50% Urea + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer and Sahand cultivar + 100% Urea fertilizer treatments applied and the lowest plant height was obtained from the native cultivar with control and Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer combination treatments. The treatment of Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer + 50% Urea significantly increased spike height, whereas other treatments combination did not have significant effect. This treatment had 11% spike height more than that of control. Effects of fertilizer and cultivar were significance on grain yield. But, only, fertilizer had significant effect on straw and biological yield. The average of grain yield in the Sahand cultivar was 18% higher than that of Alvar native cultivar. The highest grain yield was achieved in 60 kg urea /ha fertilizer. Amoung fertilizer levels, 60 kg urea/ha application and control were produced maximum and minimum straw yield, respectively. The biological yield was increased from 3/2 t/ha (control) to 5/2 t/ha with 60 kg urea/ha application. Cultivar effects on harvest index were significant, as Sahand cultivar had higher harvest index than that Alvar.Generally, it was concluded that whereas 60kg urea/ha application could be resulted in the positive and significant effect on yield and some morphological traits, but, integrated usage of reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers such as urea with biofeetilizers, can be have positive and suitable effects on barley yield and human healthy.