Physical Tests for Monitoring Soil Quality

This chapter describes relatively simplified versions of some physical tests that can be used to assess and monitor changes in soil quality. It also describes standard soil properties that are relatively static. These include parameters that are generally estimated or measured as a part of soil characterization such as the standard soil profile description, rooting depth, morphological features, texture, and others. Measurement of rooting depth is one of the most inexpensive methods to assess soil quality. A number of points should be considered for sampling to monitor soil quality parameters. Aspects of soil structure are quantitatively characterized by determining the size distribution and stability of aggregates. Improved aggregation increases porosity, especially the macropores, which favor high infiltration rate, good tilth and adequate aeration for plant growth. The chapter includes properties that are subject to measurable changes with different management practices. The sensitive properties in this category are bulk density, aggregate stability, penetration resistance, and others.