An exploratory analysis of both landscape pattern and land use model in peak cluster-depressions rocky desertification areas

Under the condition of dependence of karst ecosystems on vegetation,different types of human activities can induce rocky desertification peak cluster-depressions landscape pattern due to the fact that these activities are constrained by the spatial structure of the soil distribution.The soil distribution of peak cluster-depression is affected by natural conditions such as lithological character,geologic structure,slope,soil loss and so on,thus the special phenomenon of soil dual structure forms: discontinuous and inadequate surface soil,adequate soil stack underground.Because there is insufficient soil at the surface,water conservation mainly depends on vegetation and forest withered leaves at surface in the karst ecosystem,and the plant itself also becomes an important factor for soil forming,so,the biology effect is remarkable during karst process,and the ecosystem strongly relies on vegetation.In peak cluster-depression areas,the primary activity is traditional agriculture which supplies the basic food and energy: cultivating land for farming,felling trees for building materials and energy,cleaning up brush and wasteland for grazing and so on.So farming,grazing and deforesting are the most important human activities that affect the peak cluster vegetation.Human activities can result in mild rocky desertification landscape on gentle-slope cultivated land,moderate rocky desertification landscape along with the soil erosion on slopes,and evolved higher level rocky desertification on steep slopes.Grazing and deforesting on steep slopes of peak cluster can directly cause a large area of moderate-high strength rock desertification landscape on the upper part of the peak cluster,furthermore the rocky desertification landscape differentiation emerges on steep slopes and peak cluster,and presents different land use patterns.