Analysis of divergence for yield and quality traits in some elite Basmati rice genotypes [Oryza sativa l.]

Genetic divergence was assessed among 23 genotypes of basmati rice representing different regions of India on the basis of yield and quality characteristics utilizing Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Based on the genetic distance (D2 values), the rice genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Of the six clusters formed cluster VI consisted of maximum eight genotypes followed by cluster V accommodating six genotypes, cluster I with four genotypes, cluster III and IV with three genotypes each and cluster II with one genotype. The results indicated that there was some degree of similarity of genotypes clustered together on the basis of their origin. However, the pattern of distribution of some genotypes from different eco-geographical regions was found random, indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for the cluster III. The highest genetic divergence was observed between the clusters IV and I exhibiting wide diversity. The genotypes representing cluster VI are more yielding combined with excellent cooking quality. Among different traits, plant height, kernel length, elongation ratio and amylose content had maximum contribution towards total divergence may be used as selection parameters in segregating generations. Intelligent selection of genotypes from the clusters may be used as potential donors for future hybridization programmes to develop varieties and hybrids of high yield without much compromise on quality.